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- <text id=94TT1054>
- <title>
- Aug. 15, 1994: Entrepreneurs:Whittling Down
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Aug. 15, 1994 Infidelity--It may be in our genes
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENTREPRENEURS, Page 31
- Whittling Down
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> An ambitious media mogul sheds projects as he struggles to keep
- his education-reform project alive
- </p>
- <p>By John Elson--Reported by Bernard Baumohl and John Moody/New York
- </p>
- <p> To his admirers, media tycoon Christopher Whittle, 46, is a
- visionary marketing genius whose ideas for privatizing public
- schools could revolutionize education in the U.S. To his detractors,
- Chris Whittle is an all-hat, no-cattle huckster with more talent
- for raising funds than making money and one Big, Bad Idea: imposing
- ads upon captive audiences in classrooms and doctors' offices.
- </p>
- <p> Yet even some of Whittle's fans have begun to worry that their
- beau ideal--who has said "few people really know me"--may
- be closer to the fast-talking Barnum portrayed by critics. Last
- week Whittle Communications L.P. announced the latest in a string
- of setbacks. The company will halt development of the Medical
- News Network, an interactive news service with infomercials
- for doctors that was scheduled for a nationwide launch in October.
- </p>
- <p> Earlier this year Whittle pulled the plug on two other once
- promising ventures: Special Report Network, a series of videos
- and magazines that was aimed at patients waiting in doctors'
- offices, and a publishing division that produced advertiser-sponsored
- books. To raise cash, the company is negotiating the sale to
- Wall Street's Goldman, Sachs of half the equity in its profit-making
- Channel One, the advertiser-backed TV news program currently
- being shown in 12,000 U.S. public schools. Also for sale is
- Whittle's 50% interest in the $55 million, Ivy Leagueish corporate
- headquarters in Knoxville, Tennessee, which he built only three
- years ago.
- </p>
- <p> Whittle first gained national attention in the early '80s as
- co-owner and rescuer of the financially ailing Esquire magazine.
- After selling out to partner Philip Moffitt, Whittle used the
- proceeds to expand a mini-empire of magazines aimed at such
- specialized audiences as teenage girls and travel agents. The
- profitability of these ventures, as well as Whittle's innovative
- plans for moving into electronic media, enticed outside investors,
- including Time Warner, which now owns 33% of Whittle Communications.
- From 1987 through 1992, the company's revenues rose from $82
- million to $213 million. The growth was due largely to the success
- of the controversial TV service Channel One, which is offered
- free to schools if they show Whittle-produced news programs
- with ads aimed at children.
- </p>
- <p> In the past three years, however, Whittle Communications has
- shut down 30 of its media titles; last year it recorded a 5.8%
- decline in sales, the company's first such drop. What went wrong?
- "We overcommitted ourselves, badly," Whittle told TIME last
- week. "In the '70s and '80s we became extremely proficient at
- large numbers of small launches. Then in the late '80s we decided
- to move to electronic and to concentrate on education and health.
- We thought launching big systems wasn't different from launching
- small ones. We were wrong." Bad timing was also a factor. The
- prospect of health-care reform and drug-industry mergers made
- it impossible to project ad revenues for the Medical News Network
- reliably.
- </p>
- <p> Whittle's shrunken empire now consists largely of Channel One
- and the Edison Project, his ambitious plan to reform American
- education, which operates separately from the communications
- company. Headed by former Yale University president Benno Schmidt
- Jr., the project has tentative commitments from such cities
- as Boston, Miami and Wichita to begin supervising up to 20 schools
- in 1995. Financed by tax revenues, the project's schools plan
- to offer a back-to-basics curriculum--geography and history
- instead of social studies and an academic year of 210 days (compared
- with a national average of 180). At a school in Trenton, New
- Jersey, which signed its letter of intent only last week, officials
- say Edison may eventually earn a profit if expenditures are
- less than $9,400 per pupil annually, the amount Trenton currently
- spends.
- </p>
- <p> So far, the Edison Project has spent $40 million in development
- costs without earning a dime. Whittle's partners in this venture,
- which include Philips Electronics N.V. and Associated Newspapers
- Holdings, may be reluctant to ante up much more. "At the time
- we invested in Whittle," says a high-level executive at one
- of the companies that did, "we thought that it would soon become
- profitable. But then we realized that Chris isn't made up that
- way. As soon as something is moderately successful, he's off
- trying to invent the next business. In the meantime, we're not
- getting any income from that investment. If someone came along
- and gave us a decent offer, we'd be out of there in a minute."
- </p>
- <p> A source close to the company says the entrepreneur blames his
- financial partners for not coming up with the cash that could
- have prevented his retrenchment. But Whittle denies Wall Street
- rumors that his communications firm will soon seek Chapter 11
- bankruptcy protection. As proof of the firm's stability, he
- claims that Channel One has a 99% renewal rate. Editorial comment
- on the Edison Project, Whittle says, has been "overwhelmingly
- positive." And the fact that two other firms have similar programs--one of them, Education Alternatives Inc., based in Minneapolis,
- Minnesota, already has 10 schools in operation--is "a confirmation
- of what we are doing." In trying to persuade investors to help
- him keep the project competitive, Whittle, the consummate baby-boomer
- salesman, faces his hardest sell yet.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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